The following are abstracts of controlled studies showing a relationship
between supplemental pheromone use and human behavior.

Title: Pheromonal influences on sociosexual behavior in men.
Author: Cutler WB; Friedmann E; McCoy NL
Address: Athena Institute for Women's Wellness Research, Chester Springs, Pennsylvania 19425, USA.
Source: Arch Sex Behav, 27(1):1-13 1998 Feb

Abstract:
This study tested whether synthesized human male pheromones increase the sociosexual behavior of men. Thirty-eight heterosexual men, ages 26-42, completed a 2-week baseline period and 6-week placebo-controlled, double-blind trial testing a pheromone "designed to improve the romance in their lives." Each subject kept daily behavioral records for 6 sociosexual behaviors: petting/affection/kissing, formal dates, informal dates, sleeping next to a romantic partner, sexual intercourse, and self-stimulation to ejaculation (masturbation) and FAXed them each week. Significantly more pheromone than placebo users increased above baseline in sexual intercourse and sleeping with a romantic partner. There was a tendency for more pheromone than placebo users to increase above baseline in petting/affection/kissing, and informal dates, but not in self-stimulation to ejaculation or in formal dates. A significantly larger proportion of pheromone than placebo users increased in > or = 2 and > or = 3 of the 5 sociosexual behaviors involving a female partner. Thus, there was a significant increase in male sociosexual behaviors in which a woman's sexual interest and cooperation plays a role but not in male masturbation which involves only the man. These initial data need replication but suggest that human male pheromones affected the sexual attractiveness of men to women.

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Title: Battle of odors: significance of pheromones for human reproduction]
Author: Grammer K; Jutte A
Address: Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut f¨ur Stadt-Ethologie, Wien, Osterreich.
Source: Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch, 37(3):150-3 1997

Abstract:
The significance of odours for human reproduction is partially neglected by medical sciences. Nevertheless, it can be shown that male pheromones
(androstenol/androstenone) from male sweat have a direct impact on female menstrual cycles and ovulation. Furthermore, female pheromones (copulins), which are present in vaginal secretions, influence male perception of females and may induce hormonal changes in males. The mutual pheromonal influence between the sexes is discussed as a result of sex-specific reproductive interests which are a consequence of evolutionary constraints.
Language: German

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Following are short descriptions of apparently controlled studies showing a relationship between pheromones and human behavior:

University College, Department of Psychology, London, England
Subjects: 76 male and female student volunteers Female subjects were rated as to the number of social exchanges with males before and after being given a brief exposure to the pheromone androstenol.
Results: significant increase in social exchanges after exposure.

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Zoologist, Claus Wedekind, Switzerland
Subjects: 44 men and 49 women
Male subjects were given a t-shirt and instructed to wear it to bed on two consecutive nights. The subjects were also given scentless soap and other toilet articles and told to use them only. At the end of this period all the t-shirts were put into boxes and rated by the women on the basis of smell alone. Some boxes were filled with new t-shirts to act as controls.
Results: Female subjects preferred the boxes containing t-shirts that had been worn by males with dissimilar immune systems as rated by MHC. Many women said that the smells reminded them of old boy-friends, while shirts worn by men with similar immune systems reminded them of male family members.

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A number of studies have been done that seem to indicate that women in public places (movie theatres, restaurants etc.) will choose to sit in seats that have been sprayed with the pheromone androstenone more often than they will choose seats that have not been sprayed.

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Another study showed that women will rate photos of men higher if they are given a whiff of Androstenone while they are looking at the photos.

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The following are informal tests of the effects of pheromone supplementation on human behavior in bars:

ABC News conducted an informal test of synthetic pheromones in a singles bar, using two sets of identical twins, one male and one female. One member of each pair was given an unscented pheromone spray while the other was given plain witch hazel containing no pheromones. The subjects were placed in different sections of a popular bar in New York City, and told not to "make the first move". The men received about equal attention from the opposite sex, but the sister who was wearing the pheromones was approached by 30 men as compared to who her no-pheromones sister with only 11 "hits". Bill Ritter was quoted as saying: "We cannot deny what we saw happen in the bar."

Apparently, a similar test was performed in a bar in Germany using hidden cameras and identical twin sisters wearing identical dresses. Again, one sister used pheromones and one did not, and again the sister wearing the suppplements got significantly greater attention from men.